COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation: Is There Any Evidence Based to Reduce the Risk?

Amina  Chentouf

doi:10.51745/najfnr.4.10.S19-S24

COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation: Is There Any Evidence Based to Reduce the Risk?

PDF (Full text)

Human and Clinical Nutrition Nutritional Immunology and Reproduction

DOI https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.10.S19-S24

Issue Vol. 4 No. 10 (2020): Special Issue: Nutritional Insight on Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 (NINC-19)

Submitted 2020-12-07

Published 2021-01-30

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Several studies and meta-analysis suggest that vitamin D deficiency constitutes a risk factor for acute respiratory infections while supplementation may reduce this risk. Given the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and improvement of the prognosis of affected patients has been suggested by some studies and refuted by others. Through this article, we report the mechanisms of action and properties of vitamin D, and we discuss the different hypotheses of the involvement of vitamin D in respiratory infections, especially Covid-19 in the light of the most recent published data.

Keywords

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D Supplementation 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Amina Chentouf

Service de neurologie CHU d’Oran- BP 31000, Oran

PDF (Full text)

How to Cite

Chentouf, A. . (2021). COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation: Is There Any Evidence Based to Reduce the Risk?. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 4(10), S19-S24. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.10.S19-S24

More Citation Formats

Download Citation

1. Mogire, R. M., Mutua, A., Kimita, W., Kamau, A., Bejon, P., Pettifor, J. M., Adeyemo, A., Williams, T. N., & Atkinson, S. H. (2020). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Global health, 8(1), e134-e142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30457-7

2. Mihoubi, E., Raache, R., Amroun, H., Azzouz, M., Galleze, A., Zaabat, N., Aissou, A., Ferhat, A., Guettaf-Sadi, H., Boutemeur, A., Aoudia, Z., Boudiba, A., Touil-Boukoffa, C., Abbadi, M. C., & Attal, N. (2019). Metabolic Imbalance and Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 1 Diabetes in the Algerian Population. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 19(8), 1172–1176. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190529113404

3. Bouillon, R., & Carmeliet, G. (2018). Vitamin D insufficiency: Definition, diagnosis and management. Best practice & research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 32(5), 669-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2018.09.014

4. Bikle, D., & Christakos, S. (2020). New aspects of vitamin D metabolism and action - addressing the skin as source and target. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 16(4), 234-252. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0312-5

5. Christakos, S., Dhawan, P., Verstuyf, A., Verlinden, L., & Carmeliet, G. (2016). Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiological Reviews, 96(1), 365-408. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00014.2015

6. German Nutrition Society (2012). New reference values for vitamin D. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 60(4), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337547

7. Rochel, N., & Molnár, F. (2017). Structural aspects of Vitamin D endocrinology. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 453, 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.046

8. Abbas M. A. (2017). Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 165, 369-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004

9. Reboul, E., Goncalves, A., Comera, C., Bott, R., Nowicki, M., Landrier, J. F., Jourdheuil-Rahmani, D., Dufour, C., Col-let, X., & Borel, P. (2011). Vitamin D intestinal absorption is not a simple passive diffusion: evidences for in-volvement of cholesterol transporters. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(5), 691-702. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000553

10. Kulda V. (2012). Metabolizmus vitaminu D [Vitamin D metabolism]. Vnitrni lekarstvi, 58(5), 400-404.

11. Safadi, F. F., Thornton, P., Magiera, H., Hollis, B. W., Gentile, M., Haddad, J. G., Liebhaber, S. A., & Cooke, N. E. (1999). Osteopathy and resistance to vitamin D toxicity in mice null for vitamin D binding protein. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 103(2), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI5244

12. Drincic, A. T., Armas, L. A., Van Diest, E. E., & Heaney, R. P. (2012). Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity. Obesity, 20(7), 1444-1448. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.404

13. Dusso, A. S., Brown, A. J., & Slatopolsky, E. (2005). Vitamin D. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 289(1), F8-F28. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00336.2004

14. Carlberg, C., & Seuter, S. (2009). A genomic perspective on vitamin D signaling. Anticancer Research, 29(9): 3485-3493

15. DeLuca, H. F. (2004). Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(6), 1689S-1696S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1689s

16. Etten, E. V., & Mathieu, C. (2005). Immunoregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Basic concepts. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 97(1-2), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.06.002

17. Holick, M. F. (2002). Vitamin D: A millenium perspective. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 88(2), 296-307. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10338

18. Adams, J. S., & Hewison, M. (2010). Update in vitamin D. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(2), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1773

19. Lu, M., McComish, B. J., Burdon, K. P., Taylor, B. V., & Körner, H. (2019). The Association Between Vitamin D and Multi-ple Sclerosis Risk: 1,25(OH)2D3 Induces Super-Enhancers Bound by VDR. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00488

20. Battaglia, S., Karasik, E., Gillard, B., Williams, J., Winchester, T., Moser, M. T., Smiraglia, D. J., & Foster, B. A. (2017). LSD1 dual function in mediating epigenetic corruption of the vitamin D signaling in prostate cancer. Clinical Epigenetics, 9, 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-017-0382-y

21. Li, J., Luco, A. L., Ochietti, B., Fadhil, I., Camirand, A., Reinhardt, T. A., St-Arnaud, R., Muller, W., & Kremer, R. (2016). Tumoral Vitamin D Synthesis by CYP27B1 1-α-Hydroxylase Delays Mammary Tumor Progression in the PyMT-MMTV Mouse Model and Its Action Involves NF-κB Modulation. Endocrinology, 157(6), 2204–2216. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1824

22. Zhang, R., Li, B., Gao, X., Tian, R., Pan, Y., Jiang, Y., Gu, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, G. (2017). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular disease: Dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(4), 810-819. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140392

23. Kendrick, J., Targher, G., Smits, G., & Chonchol, M. (2009). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Atherosclerosis, 205(1), 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.033

24. Hyppönen, E., Läärä, E., Reunanen, A., Järvelin, M., & Virtanen, S. M. (2001). Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: A birth-cohort study. The Lancet, 358(9292), 1500-1503. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06580-1

25. Peterlik, M., Grant, W.B., & Cross, H.S. (2009). Calcium, vitamin D and cancer. Anticancer Research,29:3687-98

26. Nanzer, A. M., Chambers, E. S., Ryanna, K., Richards, D. F., Black, C., Timms, P. M., Martineau, A. R., Griffiths, C. J., Corrigan, C. J., & Hawrylowicz, C. M. (2013). Enhanced production of IL-17A in patients with severe asthma is inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a glucocorticoid-independent fashion. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 132(2), 297-304.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.037

27. Hayes, C. E. (2000). Vitamin D: A natural inhibitor of multiple sclerosis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59(4), 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000768

28. Nancy, A., & Yehuda, S. (2008). Prediction and prevention of autoimmune skin disorders. Archives of Dermatological Research, 301(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-008-0889-3

29. Merlino, L. A., Curtis, J., Mikuls, T. R., Cerhan, J. R., Criswell, L. A., & Saag, K. G. (2004). Vitamin D intake is inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the Iowa women's health study. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 50(1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11434

30. Kamen, D., & Aranow, C. (2008). Vitamin D in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 20(5), 532-537. https://doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e32830a991b

31. Ralph, A. P., Lucas, R. M., & Norval, M. (2013). Vitamin D and solar ultraviolet radiation in the risk and treatment of tuberculosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70275-x

32. Liu, P. T. (2006). Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science, 311(5768), 1770-1773. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1123933

33. Bouchemal, M., Hakem, D., Azzouz, M., Touil-Boukoffa, C., & Mezioug, D. (2020). Vitamin D levels correlate with metabolic syndrome criteria in Algerian patients: The ex-vivo immunomodulatory effect of α, 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 20(8), 1282-1294. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200402121917

34. Djeraba, Z., Benlabidi, F., Djaballah-Ider, F. Z., Medjeber, O., Arroul-Lammali, A., Belguendouz, H., Otmani, F., & Touil-Boukoffa, C. (2017). Vitamin D status in Algerian Behçet's disease patients: an immunomodulatory effect on NO pathway. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 39(4), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2017.1327967

35. Zittermann, A., Pilz, S., Hoffmann, H., & März, W. (2016). Vitamin D and airway infections: A European perspective. European Journal of Medical Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-016-0208-y

36. Robertsen, S., Grimnes, G., & Melbye, H. (2013). Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and symptoms of respiratory tract infection in a Norwegian population: The Tromsø study. Public Health Nutrition, 17(4), 780-786. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001134

37. Rigby, W. F., Stacy, T., & Fanger, M. W. (1984). Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Journal of Clinical Investigation, 74(4), 1451-1455. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci111557

38. Adams, J. S., Sharma, O. P., Gacad, M. A., & Singer, F. R. (1983). Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 72(5), 1856-1860. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci111147

39. Griffin, G., Hewison, M., Hopkin, J., Kenny, R., Quinton, R., Rhodes, J., Subramanian, S., & Thickett, D. (2020). Vitamin D and COVID-19: Evidence and recommendations for supplementation. Royal Society Open Science, 7(12), 201912. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201912

40. Azrielant, S., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017). Vitamin D and the Immune System. The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ, 19(8), 510–511.

41. Adams, J. S., Ren, S., Liu, P. T., Chun, R. F., Lagishetty, V., Gombart, A. F., Borregaard, N., Modlin, R. L., & Hewison, M. (2009). Vitamin D-directed Rheostatic regulation of monocyte antibacterial responses. The Journal of Immunology, 182(7), 4289-4295. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0803736

42. Raisi-Estabragh, Z., McCracken, C., Bethell, M. S., Cooper, J., Cooper, C., Caulfield, M. J., Munroe, P. B., Harvey, N. C., & Petersen, S. E. (2020). Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in non-white ethnicities is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic, or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: Study of 1,326 cases from the UK Biobank. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.01.20118943

43. Nguyen, N. L., Pilewski, J. M., Celedón, J. C., Mandalapu, S., Blanchard, M. L., DeRicco, A., Hartigan, E., Alcorn, J. F., & Kolls, J. K. (2015). Vitamin D supplementation decreases aspergillus fumigatus specific Th2 responses in CF patients with aspergillus sensitization: A phase one open-label study. Asthma Research and Practice, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40733-015-0003-5

44. Koehler, P., Cornely, O. A., Böttiger, B. W., Dusse, F., Eichenauer, D. A., Fuchs, F., Hallek, M., Jung, N., Klein, F., Persigehl, T., Rybniker, J., Kochanek, M., Böll, B., & Shimabukuro‐Vornhagen, A. (2020). COVID‐19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Mycoses, 63(6), 528-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13096

45. Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B., Aliano, J. L., & Bhattoa, H. P. (2020). Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4), 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040988

46. Abrishami, A., Dalili, N., Mohammadi Torbati, P., Asgari, R., Arab-Ahmadi, M., Behnam, B., & Sanei-Taheri, M. (2020). Possible association of vitamin D status with lung involvement and outcome in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study. European Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02411-0

47. Rhodes, J. M., Subramanian, S., Laird, E., & Kenny, R. A. (2020). Editorial: Low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees north supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 51(12), 1434-1437. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15777

48. Ekiz, T., & Pazarlı, A. C. (2020). Relationship between COVID-19 and obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 761-763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.047

49. Ali, N. (2020). Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(10), 1373-1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021

50. Mandal, A. K., Baktash, V., Hosack, T., Van den Abbeele, K., & Missouris, C. G. (2020). Vitamin D status may indeed be a prognosticator for morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID‐19. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(3), 1225-1225. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26569

51. Siuka, D., Pfeifer, M., & Pinter, B. (2020). Vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(8), 1804-1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.036

52. Bergman, P. (2020). The link between vitamin D and COVID‐19: Distinguishing facts from fiction. Journal of Internal Medicine, 289(1), 131-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13158

53. Farias, E.D, Silva, D.F., Conceição, V.S., & Rocha, A.M. (2020). Vitamin D as an immunological factor in combating COVID-19. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7(6) :25-34. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.76.3

54. Laviano, E., Sanchez Rubio, M., González-Nicolás, M. T., Palacian, M. P., López, J., Gilaberte, Y., Calmarza, P., Rezusta, A., & Serrablo, A. (2020). Association between preoperative levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hospital-acquired infections after hepatobiliary surgery: A prospective study in a third-level hospital. PLOS ONE, 15(3), e0230336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230336

55. Ebadi, M., & Montano-Loza, A. J. (2020). Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(6), 856–859. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0

56. Malihi, Z., Lawes, C. M., Wu, Z., Huang, Y., Waayer, D., Toop, L., Khaw, K., Camargo, C. A., & Scragg, R. (2019). Monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation does not increase kidney stone risk or serum calcium: Results from a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(6), 1578-1587. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy378

57. Jakovac, H. (2020). COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention? American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 318(5), E589-E589. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2020

More

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Amina Chentouf Ketogenic diet: a therapeutic alternative in pediatric refractory epilepsies

COVID-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation: Is There Any Evidence Based to Reduce the Risk?

Keywords

How to Cite

Similar Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Downloads 659

Views 1523

Country (Top 10)

Make a Submission

Journal Issue

Keywords

Browse by Category

Information

Highly Accessed

Published by

Useful Links

Connect

Contact Us