Association of Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Behavior, and Obesity Among Moroccan Adults of the Region of Rabat: A Case-Control Study

Habiba  Bajit; Hasnae  Benkirane; Amina  Bouziani; Fatima Zahra  Mouzouni; Souad  Benaich; Elarbi  Bouaiti; Hakim  Belghiti; Mustapha  Mrabet; Amina  Barkat; Hassan  Aguenaou

doi:10.51745/najfnr.3.5.164-171

Association of Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Behavior, and Obesity Among Moroccan Adults of the Region of Rabat: A Case-Control Study

PDF (Full text)

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Prevention of NCDs

DOI https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.3.5.164-171

Issue Vol. 3 No. 5 (2019): January - June: 2019

Submitted 2019-05-03

Published 2019-07-28

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Background: The incidence of worldwide obesity is on the increase. It is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2016 and 13% were obese.

Aims: To examine the association of dietary patterns, socioeconomic status and the body mass index in Moroccan adults.

Participants and Methods : This is an analytical case-control study, conducted among obese (n=100) and non-obese (n=150) subjects, aged between 18 and 59 years old, or women represented 60% of participants. At recruitment, all anthropometric parameters were measured. Also the body composition, was assessed by the use of impedance meter. Data concerning the dietary habits was assessed by 24 hours food recall and by food frequency questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and the chi-squared (χ2-test) test and the percent distribution.

Results: Our results showed that abdominal obesity and overall body fat (BF) percent were much prevalent among obese group (BF% >30). There was a significant association between the lack of physical activity (P=0.002), educational level (P=0.001) and the risk of development of obesity. Concerning the age (P=0.06) and the gender (P>0.05) of the participants, there was no difference regarding these parameters and the risk of development of obesity (P>0.05). Another point is the strong association of marriage and the development of obesity, or 83.90% of the obese group were married, whereas 73.70% of the non-obese group were single (P<0.001). For the dietary assessment, our data revealed that the energy consumption of lipids slightly exceed the recommended target and the major consumed products by the obese group were oils and fats.

Conclusions: The adult participants of the region of Rabat have an unbalanced weight status resulting from an altered dietary behavior and from an altered socioeconomic profile which can lead to various health complications. The need of more studies in a large population is preferable for the development of effective strategies to combat the problem of obesity.

Keywords

Obesity Body Mass Index (BMI) Dietary Behavior Socioeconomic Status

Habiba Bajit

Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food. Ibn Tofaïl University. National Center of Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques. Rabat. Kenitra.10110.14000. Morocco
Hasnae Benkirane

Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food. Ibn Tofaïl University. National Center of Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques. Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA.IAEA).Rabat. Kenitra. 14000. Morocco
Amina Bouziani

Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food. Ibn Tofaïl University. National Center of Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques. Rabat. Kenitra.10110.14000. Morocco
Fatima Zahra Mouzouni

Epidemiology Direction and Disease Control (DELM). Ministry of Health. 71 Ibn Sina Avenue. Rabat. Morocco
Souad Benaich

Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, MOHAMMED V UNIVERSITY IN RABAT. 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP 1014, Rabat- Morocco
Elarbi Bouaiti

Laboratory of Epidemiology and Clinical Research. Faculty of Medicine. Mohammed 5th University. 10100. Rabat. Morocco
Hakim Belghiti

Nutrition Unit Hygiene and Collectivity Medicine Ward. Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed 5th. Rabat. 10110. Morocco
Mustapha Mrabet

Faculty of Medicine Abulcasis (FMA). Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences (AIUSS). 10100. Rabat. Morocco
Amina Barkat

Health and Nutrition Research Team of the Mother Child Couple. Faculty of Medicine. Mohammed 5th University. 10100. Rabat. Morocco
Hassan Aguenaou

Joint Research Unit in Nutrition and Food. Ibn Tofaïl University. National Center of Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques. Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA.IAEA).Rabat. Kenitra. 14000. Morocco

PDF (Full text)

How to Cite

Bajit, H. ., Benkirane, H. ., Bouziani, A. ., Mouzouni, F. Z. ., Benaich, S. ., Bouaiti, E. ., Belghiti, H. ., Mrabet, M. ., Barkat, A. ., & Aguenaou, H. . (2019). Association of Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Behavior, and Obesity Among Moroccan Adults of the Region of Rabat: A Case-Control Study. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 3(5), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.3.5.164-171

More Citation Formats

Download Citation

1.

Drewnowski, A., & Popkin, B. M. (1997). The nutrition transition: New trends in the global diet. Nutrition Reviews, 55(2), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01593.x

2. Bounaud, V., Moreau, F., & Garnaud, A. T. (2014). Nutrition, maladies chroniques, obésité, activité physique [Nutrition, chronic diseases, obesity, physical activity]. Observatoire Régional de la Santé Poitou-Charentes. http://www.ors-poitou-charentes.org/pdf/bAUDpQSynthNutrition-2014.pdf

3. Kelly, B. M., Xenophontos, S., King, J. A., & Nimmo, M. A. (2017). An evaluation of low volume high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) for health risk reduction in overweight and obese men. BMC Obesity, 4, Article 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40608-017-0151-7

4. Lafortuna, C. L., Adorni, F., Agosti, F., De Col, A., Zennaro, R., Caranti, D., & Sartorio, A. (2009). Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome components in severely obese girls and boys. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 32(6), 552–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346506

5. De Pergola, G., & Silvestris, F. (2013). Obesity as a major risk factor for cancer. Journal of Obesity, 2013, Article 291546. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/291546

6. Giskes, K., van Lenthe, F., Avendano-Pabon, M., & Brug, J. (2011). A systematic review of environmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: Are we getting closer to understanding obesogenic environments? Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e95–e106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00769.x

7. Belarmino, G., Torrinhas, R. S., Sala, P., Horie, L. M., Damiani, L., Lopes, N. C., Heymsfield, S. B., & Waitzberg, D. L. (2018). A new anthropometric index for body fat estimation in patients with severe obesity. BMC Obesity, 5, Article 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40608-018-0202-8

8. Chan, M. (2017). Obesity and diabetes: The slow-motion disaster—Keynote address at the 47th meeting of the National Academy of Medicine (WHO). The Milbank Quarterly, 95(1), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12238

9. World Health Organization. (2018, February). Obesity and overweight (Fact sheet). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

10. Haut-Commissariat au Plan. (n.d.). Les Cahiers du Plan [The Plan Notebooks]. https://www.hcp.ma/Les-Cahiers-du-Plan_r225.html

11. Benghanem Gharbi, M., Elseviers, M., Zamd, M., Belghiti Alaoui, A., Benahadi, N., Trabelssi, E. H., Bayahia, R., Ramdani, B., & De Broe, M. E. (2016). Chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in the adult population of Morocco: How to avoid "over"- and "under"-diagnosis of CKD. Kidney International, 89(6), 1363–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.019

12. Paradis, A. M., Godin, G., Pérusse, L., & Vohl, M. C. (2009). Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes. International Journal of Obesity, 33(12), 1419–1426. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.179

13. Mela, D. J., & Sacchetti, D. A. (1991). Sensory preferences for fats: Relationships with diet and body composition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53(4), 908–915. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.4.908

14. Stewart, J. E., Bisset, C. F., Golding, M., Delahunty, C., Clifton, P. M., & Keast, R. S. J. (2010). Oral sensitivity to fatty acids, food consumption and BMI in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 104(1), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510000267

15. Sundquist, J., & Johansson, S. E. (1998). The influence of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and lifestyle on body mass index in a longitudinal study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 27(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.1.57

16. Barich, F., Zahrou, F. Z., Laamiri, F. Z., El Mir, N., Rjimati, M., Barkat, A., Rjimati, E., & Aguenaou, H. (2018). Association of obesity and socioeconomic status among women of childbearing age living in urban area of Morocco. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018, Article 6043042. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6043042

17. World Health Organization. (1995). Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry (WHO Technical Report Series No. 854). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/37003/WHO_TRS_854.pdf

18. Dare, S., Mackay, D. F., & Pell, J. P. (2015). Relationship between smoking and obesity: A cross-sectional study of 499,504 middle-aged adults in the UK general population. PLOS ONE, 10(4), Article e0123579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123579

19. Kozakowski, J., Gietka-Czernel, M., Leszczyńska, D., & Majos, A. (2017). Obesity in menopause—Our negligence or an unfortunate inevitability? Przegląd Menopauzalny, 16(2), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2017.68594

20. Thompson, F. E., & Byers, T. (1994). Dietary assessment resource manual. The Journal of Nutrition, 124(11 Suppl.), 2245S–2317S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.suppl_11.2245S

21. Tran, K. M., Johnson, R. K., Soultanakis, R. P., & Matthews, D. E. (2000). In-person vs telephone-administered multiple-pass 24-hour recalls in women: Validation with doubly labeled water. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(7), 777–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00227-3

22. Guenther, P. M., DeMaio, T. J., Ingwersen, L. A., & Berlin, M. (1996). The multiple-pass approach for the 24-hour recall in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Dietary Assessment Methods. Boston, MA.

23. Hercberg, S., Deheeger, M., & Preziosi, P. (2002). Portions alimentaires : Manuel photos pour l'estimation des quantités [Food portions: Photo manual for estimating quantities]. Economica Anthropos.

24. Pérez Rodrigo, C., Aranceta, J., Salvador, G., & Varela-Moreiras, G. (2015). Food frequency questionnaires. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31(Suppl. 3), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8751

25. Okorodudu, D. O., Jumean, M. F., Montori, V. M., Romero-Corral, A., Somers, V. K., Erwin, P. J., & Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2010). Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 34(5), 791–799. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.5

26. World Health Organization. (2011). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation (Geneva, 8–11 December 2008). World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501491_eng.pdf

27. Mørkedal, B., Romundstad, P. R., & Vatten, L. J. (2011). Informativeness of indices of blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids in relation to ischemic heart disease mortality: The HUNT-II study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 26(6), 457–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-011-9572-7

28. Haut-Commissariat au Plan. (2016). Les indicateurs sociaux 2012–2013 [Social indicators 2012–2013]. Haut-Commissariat au Plan. https://www.hcp.ma/region-drda/attachment/834622/

29. Warburton, D. E. R., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. CMAJ, 174(6), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051351

30. Thomas, N. E., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Inflammatory factors, physical activity, and physical fitness in young people. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 18(5), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00824.x

31. Plaisance, E. P., & Grandjean, P. W. (2006). Physical activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Sports Medicine, 36(5), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636050-00006

32. Wardle, J., Waller, J., & Jarvis, M. J. (2002). Sex differences in the association of socioeconomic status with obesity. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8), 1299–1304. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1299

33. Jafri, A., Jabari, M., Dahhak, M., Saile, R., & Derouiche, A. (2013). Obesity and its related factors among women from popular neighborhoods in Casablanca, Morocco. Ethnicity & Disease, 23(3), 369–373.

34. Okoh, M. (2013). Socio-demographic correlates of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 17(4), 66–76.

35. Lipowicz, A., Gronkiewicz, S., & Malina, R. M. (2002). Body mass index, overweight and obesity in married and never married men and women in Poland. American Journal of Human Biology, 14(4), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10062

36. World Health Organization. (2003). Obésité : Prévention et prise en charge de l'épidémie mondiale. Rapport d'une consultation de l'OMS [Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation] (OMS, Série de Rapports techniques, No. 894). Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42734/WHO_TRS_894_fre.pdf

37. Giskes, K., van Lenthe, F. J., Brug, H. J., & Mackenbach, J. (2004). Dietary intakes of adults in the Netherlands by childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58(6), 871–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601889

38. Song, W. O., Chun, O. K., Obayashi, S., Cho, S., & Chung, C. E. (2005). Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(9), 1373–1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.002

More

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Slimane Mehdad, Saida Mansour, Hassan Aguenaou, Khalid Taghzouti Diet, Weight Status, and Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention
Yasmine Guennoun, Amina Bouziani, Habiba Bajit, Hicham El Berri, Laila Elammari, Souad Benaich, Amina Barkat, Hasnae Benkirane, Hassan Aguenaou Acceptance of Salt Reduction in Bakery Bread Among Moroccan Consumers
Aichetou Bouh, Slimane Mehdad, Nouriya El Ghoulam, Daoud Daoudi, Souad Benaich, Aicha Madkour, Hassan Errihani, Saber Boutayeb Nutritional Status, Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Percentage in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Amina Bouziani, Naima Saeid , Mohamed Idrissi, Mohammed El Mzibri, Kaoutar Bendjeddou, Hicham El Berri, Asmaa Elhamdouchi, Adil El Yahyaoui, Khalid El Kari, Hasnae Benkirane, Hassan Aguenaou Calcium Status in Moroccan Children and Adolescents Assessed by 24-Hour Urinary Excretion
Houria Lahmam, Nabila Auajjar, Slimane Mehdad, Bouchra Mekkaoui, Hicham El Berri, Latifa Belakhel, Benaissa Attarassi, Naima Saeid, Samir Mounach, Khalid El Kari, Hassan Aguenaou Hypertension in Moroccan Adults: Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Dietary Risk Factors
Anass Rami, Souad Benaich, Mohammed El Mzibri, Assia Elouari, Imane Saha, Siham Hattad, Mohamed Idrissi, Laila El Ammari, Hassan Aguenaou, Khalid El Kari, Naima Saeid Household Knowledge of Iodized Salt and Iodine Content of Dietary Salt in Morocco Further 25 Years of Universal Salt Iodization: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Association of Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Behavior, and Obesity Among Moroccan Adults of the Region of Rabat: A Case-Control Study

Keywords

How to Cite

Similar Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Downloads 577

Views 1428

Country (Top 10)

Make a Submission

Journal Issue

Keywords

Browse by Category

Information

Highly Accessed

Published by

Useful Links

Connect

Contact Us